The most likely cause is a failed defrost heater on the freezer evaporator. To test it, you’ll need to access the freezer evaporator by removing the evaporator cover on the rear wall of the freezer compartment.
Once the cover is removed, locate the two wires connected to the defrost heater and unplug them. Using a digital multimeter, test the heater for continuity across its terminals.
If there is no continuity (open circuit), the defrost heater has failed and will need to be replaced.
If the heater has continuity, the next component to test is the defrost thermostat. A failed thermostat can also prevent the heater from operating during the defrost cycle.
If you find a heavy buildup of frost covering the evaporator coils when you remove the cover, that further confirms a defrost system problem. The condition of the frost pattern can also help narrow down which defrost component has failed.