The below is just my opinion and experience

I have a Upright freezer (freezer only) that has bit the bed after 4 years of being out in my garage (no heat)(-10 to 95).
What went wrong with it and was it new when put into the garage?

tell me that upright freezers can not be outside and should be in an environment of 55 degrees or more.
The 55 applies to fridges most freezers with auto defrost are 40.

My good friend says because the compressor oil gets so cold that it mixes with the refrigerant then it wrecks the compressor. This why it won't work. True?
I have never heard of this being the problem.
The oil in the compressor gets more viscous as the temperature drops this makes it harder for the compressor to start and also reduces the lubrication till the compressor warms up. Same as your car.

What i am looking for is a definitive answer to whether a freezer (chest or upright) can be in an outside temp down to -10 degree's Fahrenheit. ??
At 0 decrees the compressor would never come on. What you want is a unit that does not have auto defrost. Defrost adds heat to the interior of the unit so the compressor may come on when the exterior temp is below freezing. Upright or chest, the type makes no difference. I know many people at the lake who leave their freezers on all winter without a problem and we get down to 40 below.

Since i do not have a choice where i keep my freezer; is there a way to fix this issue with compressor heaters or some other item?
Personally I do not think you have a problem as long as it does not have auto defrost.

Do they make freezers for outside use like they do in the rest of the world?(UK)
I have never seen a low temp kit for an outside freezer or a special unit for outside. There are kits for running refrigerators at lower temperatures. Not down to 0 but down to 5 or so. They basically add heat to the thermostat. Because what can happen is the defrost comes on, adds heat to the freezer, the compressor does not come on right away after the defrost cycle due to the low ambient temperature so the food in the freezer thaws.

Below is an example of a refrigerator low temp kit
Frigidaire - Garage Refrigerator Heater Kit