Here are your parts, includes a wiring diagram.
Parts for Maytag PSD262LHEB Refrigerator - AppliancePartsPros.com
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I removed the starter capacitor and immediately checked for voltage and continuity. The voltage was zero and the continuity was infinity.[/COLOR]
I am not sure why you checked it for voltage. It is part of an AC circuit so you will not see a voltage across it. It is used for phase shifting not voltage storage. The continuity depends a lot on what meter scale you used.
in any case trying to check a capacitor with a meter really does not tell you much unless it gives 0 ohms. Often they breakdown when the working voltage is applied.
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I am fairly sure this means the capacitor needs to be replaced,but could the capacitor have become faulty due to another issue.[/COLOR]
Yes this is possible.
The capacitors are reliable so it is more likely that the starter is bad.
Th operative word here is likely as capacitors do sometimes go bad it just is not very common.

[COLOR="Blue"]I checked for a short in the compressor by measuring from ground to both terminals. no short found.[/COLOR]
Did you check for continuity of the windings?
The check is not a definitive test. It can tell you if the compressor is bad but cannot tell you that the compressor is good re: the windings may be fine but the compressor may have internal mechanical problems.
There is no good test for the PTC/starter so it is best to just try replacing it.

Below is a good link on how to check.
How To Fix a Refrigerator - Appliance Repair Guide - ACME HOW TO.com